Materials for making Dies 2

Type and characteristic of tool steel
S-Type Alloy Steel Tool (Special Tool Steel Type 3)
SKS-3 is widely used as tool materials in Japan. SKS-3 SK-4 (carbon tool steel) with 0.5% to 1.0% of chromium and tungsten are added to create a solid structure so as to minimize deformation of heat treatment, and stop the heat from the affects of violence and increase the resilience of each wear.
* Hardness - Hardening and tempering with oil cooler gives HRC of 60 or above. Because oil cooling, special tool steel (hardened steel, oil) have less variation in hardness as compared with carbon steel tools.
* Resistance wear - Adding chrome to make the structure more solid. Add tungsten greatly increases resistance to wear, which is better than carbon steel tools.
* deformation after heat treatment - While chromium added to reduce the deformation arising from heat treatment, revealed that only 0.5-1.0% of chrome was added. Thus, the SKS-3 is also deformed material remote but less than SK.
* Toughness - Special Tool Steel is tougher than carbon steel tools because it `s ex-dense structure.
High Speed Tool Steel
High Speed tool steel used to make tools that are used for deeper cuts in higher cutting speeds than usual on the tool steel. High speed tool steel has a minimum of 4% chromium and tungsten. This also contains vanadium for better heat treatment and molybdenum and cobalt to improve the toughness.
* Hardness - The tungsten carbide was added to the martensite structure of steel tool makes it most difficult. Both chromium and tungsten carbide combined to minimize the variation in hardness. Red hardness is also a term used to refer to the hardness at high temperatures.
* Resistance wear - this has the highest resistance to wear between the tool steel tungsten carbide due to its content.
* deformation after heat treatment - As high-speed steel which has a high hardening temperature, the structure is generally not susceptible to deformation, but deformation by gravity are common.
* Toughness- this has a high toughness due to the addition of molybdenum and cobalt.
High-Speed Steel Powder
It is generally accepted that the material formed from the powder has high hardness but low toughness. However, research and development has been done to provide hardness and toughness are higher then conventional SKH material.
Cement Carbide / Tungsten Carbide metal
Tungsten carbide is the hardest man-made. It is formed by molding tungsten, carbon and cobalt powders under heat and pressure during sintering. Axis of metal together without melting. Tungsten carbide able to maintain high hardness even at high temperatures. Its hardness and formability depends on its cobalt content. Cement used to make carbide dies have a 12-20% cobalt. When selecting a carbide to use, check the job requirements, then choose the carbide with cobalt content materials accordingly. Tungsten carbide is much superior in force, resistance to wear, resistance to heat when compared to other tool steels. However, have weaknesses as follows:
*low resistance to vibration-tungsten particles encased in cobalt tends to fall from the material.
* Toughness Low - Cement carbide does not have a crystal structure and is responsible for the break if the applied bending force.
* Low resistance to chemicals - Care should be taken when the abrasive or cooling agent used during the blanking as the steel tends to react with sulfur. Tungsten carbide tools
usually coated by a titanium nitrate (TiN) or titanium carbide (TiC) of approximately 2 microns thick, to improve the lives of their equipment around 3-8 times longer. Layers tool will reject the built-up edge formation, allowing the device for long-term cold temperature, continue to provide a better tolerance and better workpiece surface finish.